Czar Nicholas II of Russia

Nicholas II of Russia (Russian : Николай Александрович Романов, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov), of the Romanov dynasty, was born on 18 may 1868 6 may 1868 C. J.) at the palace of Tsarskoe Selo, and murdered with his entire family on 17 July 1918 in Ekaterinburg, is the last emperor of Russien 4, king of Poland and grand prince of Finland. Nicholas II is the tsar of all the Russias, from 1894 to 1917. He knows many of the nicknames depending on the season : "Nicolas the Pacific ", at the time of his reign, and then the Soviets the name " Nicholas the Bloody ", but nowadays, the popular tradition of the orthodox is described as, " a saint worthy of the passion of the Christ ". Under his reign and that of his father, Russia is experiencing an unprecedented boom to a point of view economic, social, political and cultural. The serfs are freed during the reign of his grandfather, Alexander II, and the taxes are lower. The first minister Piotr Stolypine managed to develop a class of wealthy farmers, the kulaks. The population triple, and Russia, with 175 million inhabitants, became the third or fourth economic power in the world and has the first railway network after the United States and Canada. The ruble becomes a convertible currency, and also a large number of merchants and industrialists, the Empire now has its own financial. They are often philanthropists. Culturally, Russia is experiencing a " silver Age ", and takes the second place in the field of book publishing. New universities, writers, sculptors, painters, dancers... are at the time known all over the world1. According to Alexander Gerschenkron, " there is no doubt that the train where grew the industrial equipment during the years of the reign of Nicholas II, without the communist regime, Russia had already surpassed the United States, "L2 1. Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. It fails to put an end to the political turmoil of his country, or to lead the imperial armies to victory during the First world War. His reign ends with the Russian revolution of 1917 during which he and his family were imprisoned first in the Alexander palace at Tsarskoe Selo, then later in the governor's house in Tobolsk, and finally in the villa Ipatiev in Yekaterinburg. Nicholas II, his wife, his son, his four daughters, the family doctor, his personal home, the maid and the cook will then be murdered by the bolsheviks in the night of 16 to 17 July 1918.